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Thermal Energy | DIY Science Time

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Mister C and the Science Crew have the perfect recipe for having fun and making ice cream! Today we explore heat transfer, temperature, and more. 

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NGSS - Grade Level Disciplinary Core Ideas (8)

MS-PS3.A.2 A system of objects may also contain stored (potential) energy, depending on their relative positions.
MS-PS3.A.6 Temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of particles of matter. The relationship between the temperature and the total energy of a system depends on the types, states, and amounts of matter present.
MS-PS3.A.1 Motion energy is properly called kinetic energy; it is proportional to the mass of the moving object and grows with the square of its speed.
MS-PS3.A.5 The term “heat” as used in everyday language refers both to thermal energy (the motion of atoms or molecules within a substance) and the transfer of that thermal energy from one object to another. In science, heat is used only for this second meaning; it refers to the energy transferred due to the temperature difference between two objects.
MS-PS3.B.4 The amount of energy transfer needed to change the temperature of a matter sample by a given amount depends on the nature of the matter, the size of the sample, and the environment.
MS-PS3.A.7 The temperature of a system is proportional to the average internal kinetic energy and potential energy per atom or molecule (whichever is the appropriate building block for the system’s material). The details of that relationship depend on the type of atom or molecule and the interactions among the atoms in the material. Temperature is not a direct measure of a system's total thermal energy. The total thermal energy (sometimes called the total internal energy) of a system depends jointly on the temperature, the total number of atoms in the system, and the state of the material.
MS-PS3.B.5 Energy is spontaneously transferred out of hotter regions or objects and into colder ones.
4-PS3.A.2 Energy can be moved from place to place by moving objects or through sound, light, or electric currents.

Benchmarks for Science Literacy (7)

4E/E1 By the end of the fifth grade students should know that: When two objects are rubbed against each other, they both get warmer. In addition, many mechanical and electrical devices get warmer when they are used.
4E/E2a By the end of the fifth grade students should know that: When warmer things are put with cooler ones, the warmer things get cooler and the cooler things get warmer until they all are the same temperature.
4E/E2b By the end of the fifth grade students should know that: When warmer things are put with cooler ones, heat is transferred from the warmer ones to the cooler ones.
4E/E2c By the end of the fifth grade students should know that: A warmer object can warm a cooler one by contact or at a distance.
4D/M3ab By the end of the eighth grade students should know that: Atoms and molecules are perpetually in motion. Increased temperature means greater average energy of motion, so most substances expand when heated.
4E/M3 By the end of the eighth grade students should know that: Thermal energy is transferred through a material by the collisions of atoms within the material. Over time, the thermal energy tends to spread out through a material and from one material to another if they are in contact. Thermal energy can also be transferred by means of currents in air, water, or other fluids. In addition, some thermal energy in all materials is transformed into light energy and radiated into the environment by electromagnetic waves; that light energy can be transformed back into thermal energy when the electromagnetic waves strike another material. As a result, a material tends to cool down unless some other form of energy is converted to thermal energy in the material.
4E/M4 By the end of the eighth grade students should know that: Energy appears in different forms and can be transformed within a system. Motion energy is associated with the speed of an object. Thermal energy is associated with the temperature of an object. Gravitational energy is associated with the height of an object above a reference point. Elastic energy is associated with the stretching or compressing of an elastic object. Chemical energy is associated with the composition of a substance. Electrical energy is associated with an electric current in a circuit. Light energy is associated with the frequency of electromagnetic waves.

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